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[PBS系列]：美国的石器时代探险家America's Stone Age Explorers-1080P高清迅雷网盘下载
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由彼得·托马斯（Peter Thomas）主持并由PBS发行的历史纪录片，作为PBS Nova系列电视剧的一部分在2004年播出-英语旁白History Documentary hosted by Peter Thomas and published by PBS broadcasted as part of PBS Nova series in 2004- English narration
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PBS原始广播日期：2004年11月9日，自从1930年代在新墨西哥州克洛维斯附近发现异常古老而致命的矛尖以来，许多考古学家一直认为这种武器起源于新世界的第一批定居者，据信这些定居者是从最后一个冰河时代末期的亚洲。在“美国的石器时代探险家”中，NOVA报告了挑战这一广泛观点的新证据。寻找线索将NOVA带到宾夕法尼亚州西部和智利南部令人惊叹的发现地点。到法国南部，在那里发现了类似于著名的克洛维斯角的石器时期文物；到北极高地学习可能在哥伦布之前17,000年穿越冰雪覆盖的大西洋的技术；克洛维斯角的独特设计（请参阅《芬恩快取》）非常适合杀死大型游戏，使其成为石器时代的大规模杀伤性武器。克洛维斯山峰甚至可能已经在大型冰河时期的哺乳动物（例如猛mm象）的灭绝之后（见《大兽的终结》）。在整个北美的考古遗址中都发现了克洛维斯点，几十年来，这些地点代表了人类在新世界中存在的最古老证据。因此，许多考古学家得出结论，配备克洛维斯技术的猎人是美洲的第一批定居者，大概是在13500年前的冰河时代末期从亚洲抵达的，当较低的海平面使猎人越过连接西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的陆桥时。但是越来越多的证据表明，人类早在克洛维斯猎人之前就已经进入美洲（见克洛维斯之前）。在克洛维斯之前可能最著名的遗址之一是宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡附近的梅多克罗夫特。在那儿，Mercyhurst考古学院的Jim Adovasio一直在与Clovis时期相对应的地质层以下挖掘文物，尽管许多考古学家对此提出了质疑。阿多瓦西奥说：“很多人……认为这不仅是对公认的教条的否定，而且是对自己的否定。”另一个有前途的前克洛维斯人挖掘是智利南部的蒙特佛得角，考古学家汤姆·迪勒海（Tom Dillehay） ，前身是肯塔基大学，在距亚洲陆桥路线半个世界的地方找到了一个异常富裕的人。参加辩论的还有科学家利用对美国原住民当前人口的DNA分析来寻找其祖先的线索，得出有趣但有争议的结果。一个研究小组甚至建议，第一批美国人来自欧洲，而不是亚洲。克洛维斯的相似之处指向了Solutreans的武器，他们生活在大约17,000年前，现在居住在法国南部和西班牙北部。如果Solutreans曾经穿越大西洋，他们可能会像今天的Eskimos一样旅行，他们在密密麻麻的水上皮船上长途跋涉，用浮冰在浮冰上划船，沿着北极去猎猎。得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的考古学家Michael Collins感到更加震惊。理论。该理论基于他在高特（Gault）的发掘，Original PBS Broadcast Date: November 9, 2004Ever since unusually ancient and deadly spear points were found near Clovis, New Mexico in the 1930s, many archeologists have believed that this type of weapon originated with the first settlers of the New World, who supposedly migrated from Asia at the end of the last ice age. In "America's Stone Age Explorers," NOVA reports new evidence that challenges this widely held view.The hunt for clues takes NOVA to sites of stunning discoveries in western Pennsylvania and southern Chile; to southern France, where Stone Age artifacts have been found that resemble the famous Clovis points; to the high arctic to learn the techniques that may have been used to cross the ice-encrusted Atlantic 17,000 years before Columbus; and to a remarkable find in central Texas that may hold the key to who invented the Clovis technology.The distinctive design of a Clovis point (see The Fenn Cache) is perfect for killing big game, making it a Stone Age weapon of mass destruction. The Clovis point may even have been behind the extinction of large ice age mammals such as the mammoth (see End of the Big Beasts). Clovis points have been found at archeological sites throughout North America, and for decades these sites represented the oldest accepted evidence of human presence in the New World.Many archeologists therefore concluded that hunters equipped with Clovis technology were the first settlers of the Americas and that they probably arrived from Asia at the end of the Ice Age about 13,500 years ago, when lower sea level allowed hunters to cross a land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska. But there is growing evidence that humans were in the Americas long before the Clovis hunters (see Before Clovis).One of the best known of the possibly pre-Clovis sites is called Meadowcroft, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. There, Jim Adovasio of Mercyhurst Archeological Institute has been excavating artifacts well below the geological layer that corresponds to the Clovis period, although many archeologists dispute his evidence. "A lot of people ... think that this is not only a repudiation of a well-accepted dogma, it's a repudiation of themselves," Adovasio says.Another promising pre-Clovis dig is Monte Verde in southern Chile, where archeologist Tom Dillehay, formerly of the University of Kentucky, has made an unusually rich find half a world away from the Asian land bridge route. Also joining the debate are scientists using DNA analysis of current populations of Native Americans to look for clues of their ancestry—again with intriguing but controversial results.One team even proposes that the first Americans came from Europe, not Asia, based on the similarity of Clovis points to the weapons of the Solutreans, who lived about 17,000 years ago in what is now southern France and northern Spain. If the Solutreans ever crossed the Atlantic, they may have traveled like today's Eskimos, who make long journeys skirting ice floes in watertight skin boats, hunting arctic game as they go.Archeologist Michael Collins of the University of Texas at Austin has an even more startling theory. The theory is based on his excavations at Gault, Texas, which show evidence of a more complex Clovis culture than ever imagined, including a diet that spans the food chain, evidence of a sophisticated trade network, hundreds of types of tools, and possibly the earliest example of art in the Americas."Where did Clovis come from?" asks Collins. "The longstanding notion of the rapid spread of Clovis across the continent has been taken to mean the spread of a people across the continent. An alternative might be that the spread of Clovis is actually the expansion of a technology across existing populations—analogous to the fact you can go anywhere in the world and find people driving John Deere tractors."In other words, the Clovis point could be the first technological breakthrough in the Americas, invented by people who had long been resident here—and then adopted by their neighbors, who knew a good thing when they saw it.
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【技术参数】——
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Complete name HDTV.PBS.NOVA.Americas.Stone.Age.Explorers.X264.720p.AC3.MVGroup.org.mkv
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File size: 1.07 GiB
PlayTime: 52mn 16s
Bit rate: 2942 Kbps
Encoded date: UTC 2007-08-28 10:25:43
Writing application: mkvmerge v2.0.2 ('You're My Flame') built on Feb 21 2007 23:40:55
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发表于 2020-8-26 22:22:42